A low FODMAP diet is also known as a FODMAP elimination diet.
This is a temporary eating pattern that has a very low amount of food compounds called FODMAPs.
The acronym stands for:
● Fermentable - meaning they are broken down (fermented) by bacteria in the large bowel
● Oligosaccharides - “oligo” means “few” and “saccharide” means sugar. These molecules are made up of individual sugars joined together in a chain
● Disaccharides – “di” means two. This is a double sugar molecule
● Monosaccharides – “mono” means single. This is a single sugar molecule
● And Polyols – these are sugar alcohols (however, they don’t lead to intoxication!)
As you can see, there are four main saccharide groups that make up FODMAPs – oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols.
These FODMAP groups have specific names and may also have more than one group within them, known as a FODMAP subgroup:
● Oligosaccharides have two subgroups, known as fructans and galactans (or galacto-oligosaccharides or GOS for short)
● Disaccharides are known as lactose and only contain one group
● Monosaccharides are known as fructose (or excess fructose) and also only contain one group
● Polyols have two subgroups, known as sorbitol and mannitol
Let’s stick with the term FODMAPs shall we?
Those saccharides and polyols are short-chain carbohydrates that, if poorly digested, ferment in the lower part of your large intestine (bowel).
This fermentation process draws in water and produces carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and/or methane gas that causes the intestine to stretch and expand.
The result is strong pain, bloating, visible abdominal distension and other related symptoms.